Mar 28, 2024  
2011-2012 Undergraduate Bulletin 
    
2011-2012 Undergraduate Bulletin [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 

Art

  
  • ART 324C - Special Topics: Art History of Women in Art

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 2020  or permission of instructor
    An in-depth study of selected topics in the history of art, including specific artists, stylistic movements, methodology, and/or art criticism. Topics to be announced. May earn up to a total of six hours of 324x courses.
  
  • ART 324D - Special Topics in Art History

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 2020  or permission of instructor
    An in-depth study of selected topics in the history of art, including specific artists, stylistic movements, methodology, and/or art criticism. Topics to be announced. May earn up to a total of six hours of 324x courses.
  
  • ART 324E - Special Topics in Asian Art

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 , 2020  or permission of instructor
    An in-depth study of selected topics in the history of art, including specific artists, stylistic movements, methodology, and/or art criticism. Topics to be announced. May earn up to a total of six hours of 324x courses.
  
  • ART 324F - Special Topics: History of African Art

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 2020  or permission of instructor
    An in-depth study of selected topics in the history of art, including specific artists, stylistic movements, methodology, and/or art criticism. Topics to be announced. May earn up to a total of six hours of 324x courses.
  
  • ART 324G - Special Topics in Art of Eastern Styles

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 , 2020  or permission of instructor
    An in-depth study of selected topics in the history of art, including specific artists, stylistic movements, methodology, and/or art criticism. Topics to be announced. May earn up to a total of six hours of 324x courses.
  
  • ART 324H - Special Topics in Islamic Art

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 , 2020  or permission of instructor
    Check with the Art Department
  
  • ART 324J - Special Topics: Mediterranean

    3
    Check with the Art Department
  
  • ART 324L - World Art thru Eyes of England

    3
    Check with the Art Department
  
  • ART 324X - Special Topics in Art History

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 2020  or permission of instructor
    An in-depth study of selected topics in the history of art, including specific artists, stylistic movements, methodology, and/or art criticism. Topics to be announced. May earn up to a total of six hours of 324x courses.
  
  • ART 410A - Special Topics in Studio Art

    3
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists,movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410B - Special Topics in Studio Art: Graphic Design Workshop

    3
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410C - Special Topics in Studio Art: Functional Art

    3
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410D - Special Topics in Studio Art: Acuff

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410E - Special Topics in Studio Art: Photo

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410F - Special Topics in Studio Art: Information on Graphics

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410G - Special Topics in Studio Art: Paper Engineering

    3
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410H - Special Topics in Studio Art of Digging Clay

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410I - Special Topics in Studio Art: Narrative Studies

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410J - Special Topics in Studio Art: Metal Sculpture

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410L - Special Topic in Studio Art: Ceramic Workshop

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410M - Special Topics in Studio Art

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410N - Special Topics in Studio Art: Photoshop

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410Q - Publication Design

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410R - Topics in Studio Art: Time and Motion

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410S - Topics in Studio Art: Advert Design

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410T - Topics in Stuio Art: Public Art


    Prerequisite: ART 1010, 1020, 1040, 1070
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410U - Topics in Art

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410V - Topics in Art

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410W - Topics in Art: Scene Painting

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated, but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410X - Topics in Studio Art

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410Y - Topics in Studio Art: Moonprint

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 410Z - Topic in Studio Art: Introduction to Science Illustration

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    Concentrated study in a studio area. In-depth research on specific artists, movements, periods, current issues, and/or problems in studio art. Topics to be announced. May be repeated but credit is limited to three hours per topic.
  
  • ART 1010 - Two Dimensional Design

    3
    Required for all first time freshmen and students who enter APSU with fewer that 12 hours earned in a college/university setting. Student must remain enrolled in APSU 1000  until a grade of C is earned; no student who has earned 12 hours or more may enroll except those students who have two DSP requirements.
  
  • ART 1020 - Three Dimensional Design

    3
    Fundamental experiences in three-dimensional design, with emphasis on the elements and principles of design and creative development, and media skills training.
  
  • ART 1030 - Art Appreciation

    3
    The relationship and influences of the visual arts on the individual and culture.
  
  • ART 1040 - Drawing I

    3
    The fundamentals of drawing for visual arts.
  
  • ART 1050 - Drawing II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 
    Drawing the human form and study of anatomy in composition.
  
  • ART 1070 - Electronic Imaging

    3
    The use of MacIntosh computer hardware and software as a visual arts tool.
  
  • ART 2010 - Art History, Survey I

    3
    A history of the visual arts, from cultures throughout the world from prehistory to 1300 A.D., that examines works of art within their social, political, economic, religious, technological, and philosophical contexts.
  
  • ART 2020 - Art History, Survey II

    3
    A history of the visual arts, from cultures throughout the world from 13th to 20th centuries, that examines works of art within their social, political, economic, religious, technological, and philosophical contexts.
  
  • ART 2030 - Printmaking I

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 
    The study and practice of relief and intaglio printmaking techniques with an emphasis on the development of hand skills and basic inking and printing methods.
  
  • ART 2040 - Painting I

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 
    The fundamentals of pictorial composition with emphasis on individual creative expression. An investigation of material and techniques in oil and polymer painting.
  
  • ART 2050 - Ceramics

    3
    Use of slab, coil, pinch, modeling, and introduction to wheel construction methods of forming ceramic vessels. Glazes and surface decoration are included.
  
  • ART 2070 - Sculpture I

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 
    Introduction to sculptural techniques and materials. Included are modeling, carving, construction, and casting.
  
  • ART 2090 - Photography I

    3
    Introduction to creative black and white photography with small-format camera. Introduction to development of film, camera use, and darkroom procedure. Students must have access to camera.
  
  • ART 2170 - Digital Media I

    1
    Prerequisite: ART 1020 , 1070 
    Introduction to the fundamental technical, aesthetic and theoretical concepts of video and sound.
  
  • ART 2320 - Graphic Design

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 
    Graphic design fundamentals and layout techniques, design of comprehensives, commercial craftsmanship, and image making.
  
  • ART 2520 - Typography

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 , ART 1040 
    An introduction to basic layout with type, type design, study of styles, and history of typography.
  
  • ART 3080 - Illustration I

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 2320  or permission of instructor;
    Exploring the invention of images related to visual communications and illustration techniques. Emphasis will be placed on research, conceptualization, and visualizati processes as they related to graphic design.
  
  • ART 3110 - Prepress Production

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2320 
    An introduction to methods of preparing design for commercial printing, using macintosh systems and software. Topics include document and image preparation, printing presses, separation, etc.
  
  • ART 3140 - Art Education I

    3
    Concepts of of art education in public school programs; laboratory experiments in media and techniques; and child development and learning based on visual experiences. Methods of teaching at elementary grade level.
  
  • ART 3150 - Art Education II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3140 
    Study of the nature and practice of the art specialist in the teaching-learning situation. Planning educational objective, units for learning, methods of evaluation and administration of art programs in public schools. Includes 10 hours of classroom observation.
  
  • ART 3160 - Art Education III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3150 
    Study of recent research findings in Art Education. Students study the history of art education and complete a comprehensive plan for a course of study in criticism of art objects. Includes 15 hours of classroom observation.
  
  • ART 3170 - Digital Media II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1070  or permission of instructor
    Specialized course in the use and understanding of advanced digital imaging programs with an emphasis on motion and time. MacIntosh platform programs approached with studio art applications.
  
  • ART 3200 - Art History, United States

    3
    A contextual study of the achievements in architecture, painting, and sculpture from the Colonial 17th century through the modern 20th century.
  
  • ART 3220 - Modern Art, 19th and 20th Century

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 2020 
    Study of major developments in European and American painting, sculpture, and architecture from the French Revolution to the end of WWII.
  
  • ART 3230 - Art History, Contemporary

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 2020 
    Historical precedents and methods of criticism will be used as criteria for study of images from the 1960s to the present.
  
  • ART 3240 - Art History of Photography

    3
    A study of the invention and development of photographic processes and styles from a socio-historical stance for an understanding of photography’s place in history, art history, and the history of communication.
  
  • ART 3270 - History of Graphic Design

    3
    Study of visible language and visual communication in graphic arts and design. Emphasis will be placed on art historical developments as they relate to graphic design in the 20th century.
  
  • ART 3340 - Drawing III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1050 
    Use of drawing media for creative image making.
  
  • ART 3370 - Web Design

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1070 
    Focus on the design of internet sites. Emphasis placed on the visual design, navigation development, communication, and authoring websites.
  
  • ART 3430 - Printmaking II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 1040 
    The study and practice of photo-mechanical processes as they relate to printmaking. Techniques will include photo-silkscreen and various print formats using traditional and experimental image-making methods.
  
  • ART 3440 - Painting II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2040 
    A continuation of any painting medium or combination of medium, with emphasis on individual problems and the organization of ideas in creative design.
  
  • ART 3450 - Ceramic Sculpture

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1020 , 1040 
    Use of clay bodies to construct sculpture forms utilizing slab, modeling, coil, cast, thrown, extruded or experimental forming techniques to make creative statements in sculpture.
  
  • ART 3530 - Printmaking III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2030 , 2320  or permission of instructor
    The study and practice of letterpress printing with a focus on the history and production of broadsides, artists’ books, and/or editioned portfolios of prints.
  
  • ART 3540 - Drawing IV, Thematic Development Drawing

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2010 , 2020 , 3340 
    An advanced drawing course in which students develop and explore self- directed serial imagery, and examine their work in both an historical and contemporary critical context.
  
  • ART 3550 - Glazes and Surface Design

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2050 
    Advanced experimentation in design and creation of surface effects and coatings on fired ceramic objects, especially glaze formulating.
  
  • ART 3560 - Painting, Watercolor I

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1010 , 1040 
    Explore the concepts and techniques of pictorial composition using watercolor. Intermediate level studio course for students with proven skills in drawing and painting.
  
  • ART 3570 - Sculpture II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2070 
    A continuation of Sculpture I with emphasis on personal artistic development in combining media and techniques in sculptural forms.
  
  • ART 3590 - Photography II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2090 
    A continuation of Photography I. Students work toward improving their darkroom skills and developing a personal direction for their work. Documentary and studio photography are introduced, as well as creative, alternative process
  
  • ART 3650 - Pottery-Ceramics II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1020 , 2050  or permission of instructor
    Advanced work in design and techniques of creating ceramic vessels.
  
  • ART 3690 - Digital Photography

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1070 , 2090 
    Exploration of photography through digital media, to include digital camera, computer hardware, and software.
  
  • ART 4040 - Painting III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3440 
    Advanced studio experiences for painters, exploring content, techniques, and mediums employed by contemporary artists. Studies in professional portfolio development for painters, and technical preparations and display of works on panel and canvas.
  
  • ART 4060 - Painting, Watercolor II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3560 
    Advanced studio experience for watercolors; exploring content, techniques, and mediums employed by 19th and 20th century Asian and Western artists. Topics include studies for development of a professional watercolor portfolio and presentation/display of works on paper.
  
  • ART 4070 - Sculpture III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3570 
    This course will focus on critical thinking, creative problem solving, and development of a personal visual vocabulary. Students will research contemporary issues in sculpture and use those ideas in the development of their personal work.
  
  • ART 4080 - Illustration II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3080 
    Focus on the development of a personal technique, style, posture and vocabulary. Emphasis will be on images that concentrate on book and editorial illustration.
  
  • ART 4085 - Illustration III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 4080 
    Advanced studio experience for illustrators. Topics will include the relationship of image to text, narrative development, and self-directed imagery.
  
  • ART 4090 - Problems in Art

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
    A continuation of work in a specific media under the direction of an instructor in a scheduled class. May be repeated for a second three hours but may not be enrolled in for six hours concurrently.
  
  • ART 4120 - Graphic Design II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2320 
    Intermediate study and skill development in the visual elements and media used in layout and design development for comprehensives.
  
  • ART 4125 - Graphic Design III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2520 , 4120 
    Advanced study and skill development in the visual elements and media used in layout and design development for comprehensives.
  
  • ART 4150 - Senior Thesis I

    3
    Prerequisite: Approval/acceptance to the BFA program. Approval of semester contract by instructor. ART 4150 and ART 4160  must be taken during different semesters .
    A lecture/lab course focused on creating and critiquing a substantial body of work (i.e., thesis) for students’ senior exhibitions or final portfolios. Students will select faculty mentors to oversee their studio work. This course may not be taken simultaneously with ART 4160 .
  
  • ART 4160 - Senior Thesis II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 4150 , approval of semester contract by instructor.
    A capstone course for BFA Majors that focuses on the business of art by directing students to define their professional goals, discuss career options, and develop a professional portfolio. Students continue independent work with their faculty mentors. Students will present a final exhibition of work that is representative of their course of study.
  
  • ART 4170 - Digital Media III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 1020 , 1070 , 1050 
    Students will be introduced to the workflow of animation, scripting to screen, in a digital environment.
  
  • ART 4190 - Photography III

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 2090 
    A continuation of Photography II. Students are expected to be more self-directed in developing the content of their projects. Idea development and issue related work is emphasized. Digital imaging is used as a tool as well as alternative darkroom processes.
  
  • ART 4310 - Art Internship

    3
    Prerequisite: Permission of instructor and chair
    On-the-job training for art students who have art-related job opportunities. May be repeated for a second three hours but may not be enrolled in for six hours concurrently.
  
  • ART 4370 - Web Design II

    3
    Prerequisite: ART 3370 
     An advanced study and skill development in the visual elements and media used in web design.

Allied Health Sciences

  
  • AHS 1010 - Introduction to Healthcare Professions

    3
    Introduction to the pursuit of health care careers.  This course will provide the student with information on all of the health care related majors available at APSU to include academic requirements, career paths available upon graduation, and requirements for successful completion of these courses of study.

Astronomy

  
  • ASTR 1010/1011 - Planetary Astronomy (and lab)

    4
    Corequisite: ASTR 1011
    The subjects of planetary astronomy such as the planets and their moons, planetary geology, the sun, the origin of the solar system; the tools and methods of astronomy including celestrial observation, light and other types of radiation, telescopes and spectroscopy. Laboratory 1011 is to be taken concurrently.
  
  • ASTR 1020/1021 - Stellar Astronomy (and lab)

    4
    Corequisite: ASTR 1021
    The subjects of stellar astronomy such as starbirth, starlife, stardeath, pulsars, blackholes, galaxies, quasars and cosmology; the tools and methods of astronomy including locating and naming stars and constellations, light and other radiation, telescopes and spectroscopy. Laboratory 1021 is to be taken concurrently.
  
  • ASTR 2010 - Problems in Planetary Astronomy

    1
    Prerequisite: Completion of core math course Corequisite: ASTR 1010/1011 
    Problems to accompany ASTR 1010/1011  Planetary Astronomy for students seeking a mathematical foundation to planetary astronomy.
  
  • ASTR 2011 - Introduction to Observational Astronomy

    1
    An introduction to the basic techniques of observational astronomy.  Setting up, aligning, initializing and using equatorial and alt-az telescope mounts, learning the stars and constellations of the night sky, observing double stars, star clusters, nebulae and galaxies.  This is a three hour one credit laboratory course requiring night observing.
  
  • ASTR 2020 - Problems in Stellar Astronomy

    1
    Prerequisite: Completion of core math course Corequisite: ASTR 1020/1021 
    Problems to accompany ASTR 1020/1021  Stellar Astronomy for students seeking a mathematical foundation to stellar astronomy.
  
  • ASTR 3005/3006 - Observational Astronomy (and lab)

    2
    Prerequisite: ASTR 3006
    This course will involve a significant number of night time observing hours each week. Students will learn the constellations and stars of the night sky.  They will learn to set up, align, and use several different types of telescopes.
  
  • ASTR 3010 - History of Astronomy

    3
    Prerequisite: ASTR 1010/1011 , 1020/1021 
    This course examines the historical development of the science of astronomy. Beginning with the ancient cultures and their religious associations with astronomy through the philosophies of the ancient Greeks and moving into the renaissance era with Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and finally Newton. Thecourse concludes with the modern era and the development of modern theories in astronomy and astrophysics.
  
  • ASTR 3020 - Cosmology

    3
    Prerequisite: MATH 1110  or higher, ASTR 1010/1011 , 1020/1021 
    This course examines current theories on the origin and evolution of the universe. The subjects of the course will include the Big Bang theory, cosmological inflation, dark matter, dark energy and the final fate of the universe.
  
  • ASTR 3030/3031 - Methods and Instrumentation in Astronomy (and lab)

    3
    Prerequisite: PHYS 2020/2021  or 2020/2021 ; Corequisite: ASTR 3031
    Detailed introduction to the techniques and instrumentation used in modern observational astronomy.  Includes astronomical sources, observational limits, telescopes, atmospheric effects, spectrographs, single-channel detectors and advanced solid-state detectors of all types.
  
  • ASTR 3040 - Astrobiology

    3
    Prerequisite: A core math course. At least one course (but two is recommended) in Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Physics or Geology is required.
    Introduction to Astrobiology. Topics include the formation of stars and planets, stellar habitable zones, properties of life, origin and evolution of life on Earth, the search for life elsewhere in the Universe, mass extinctions, extremophiles, space missions, SETI, Drake equation. Designed for non-science, liberal arts majors.
  
  • ASTR 4000/4001 - Astrophotography and Image Processing (and lab)

    3
    Prerequisite: ASTR 1010/1011 , 1020/1021 ; Corequisite: ASTR 4001
    This course will involve a significant number of night time observing hours each week. Students will learn the fundamentals of astrophotography usig web cams, digital, CCD and video cameras and the techniques of image processing for scientific and esthetic value. A basic knowledge of photography, either 35mm or digital is essential for successful completion of this course.
  
  • ASTR 4010 - Astrophysics I: Introduction to Stellar Structure and Evolution

    3
    Prerequisite: ASTR 1020/1021 , 2020 ; PHYS 2120/2121 ; and (MATH 3120  or PHYS 3005 )
    Introduces the physics of the sun and stars. Includes properties of E&M radiation, stellar distances and magnitudes, radiative transfer, the sun, the ISM and star formation, stellar evolution, stellar endpoints and variable stars.
  
  • ASTR 4020 - Astrophysics II: Galactic Structure and Cosmology

    3
    Prerequisite: ASTR 4010 
    Includes galactic coordinates, galactic rotation curves, N-body concepts and the virial theorem, Galactic formation and evolution, external galaxies, galaxy cluster evolution, Hubble’s law and the distance scale, large-scale structure, cosmology and the particle physics connection.
 

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